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What Are Things in Star Wars That Can Be Proven Wrong by Physics

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Overview commodity

The interstellar space opera epic Star Wars uses science and engineering in its settings and storylines. The series has showcased many technological concepts, both in the movies and in the expanded universe of novels, comics and other forms of media. The Star Wars movies' primary objective is to build upon drama, philosophy, political science and less on scientific cognition. Many of the on-screen technologies created or borrowed for the Star Wars universe were used mainly as plot devices.

The iconic condition that Star Wars has gained in popular culture and science fiction allows information technology to exist used equally an accessible introduction to real scientific concepts. Many of the features or technologies used in the Star Wars universe are not yet considered possible. Despite this, their concepts are withal probable.

Tatooine'south twin stars [edit]

A NASA depiction of a theoretical viewpoint from Kepler-16b's orbit of its 2 suns.

In the by, scientists thought that planets would be unlikely to form effectually binary stars. However, recent simulations indicate that planets are just as likely to class around binary star systems every bit single-star systems.[1] Of the 3457 exoplanets currently known, 146 actually orbit binary star systems (and 39 orbit multiple star systems with three or more than stars). Specifically, they orbit what are known as "broad" binary star systems where the two stars are fairly far apart (several AU). Tatooine appears to be of the other type — a "close" binary, where the stars are very close, and the planets orbit their common eye of mass.

The get-go observationally confirmed binary — Kepler-16b — is a close binary. Exoplanet researchers' simulations indicate that planets class often around close binaries, though gravitational furnishings from the dual star system tend to make them very difficult to find with current Doppler and transit methods of planetary searches.[i] In studies looking for dusty disks—where planet germination is likely—effectually binary stars, such disks were found in wide or narrow binaries, or those whose stars are more than 50 or less than 3 AU apart, respectively. Intermediate binaries, or those with betwixt three and fifty AU between them, had no dusty disks.[two] In 2011 it was reported by The Guardian that NASA spacecraft Kepler had discovered a planet, named Kepler-16b, with twin suns as seen in the Star Wars films.[3]

Certified astrophysicist and Star Wars fan Jeanne Cavelos explains that scientists have been skeptical about the likelihood of binary star systems such as Tatooine since the gravity of one star may forestall planets from developing around the other. Two stars of different masses orbiting i another would cause gravity fields to shift, causing potential instabilities in the orbits of whatsoever planets in their system.[4]

Even planets in more stable orbits of a binary star system would suffer other kinds of bug according to her such as climatic problems. Every bit an example, a planet in a binary star system orbiting the larger star would be fatigued closer to its gravitational field, causing the planet to endure heat of great temperatures during this flow. As the planet passes its larger star and reaches the orbit of its smaller star, the gravitational field of that star would give the planet more distance from it. The altitude (perhaps along with the smaller solar projection of the star) would send the planet into extreme frigid temperatures.[4]

According to Cavelos, astronomers hypothesize at least two possible solutions to these bug exist and that even life supporting binary star systems could exist. I scenario could be two stars billions of miles apart. A planet or planets would be able to orbit one star while at minimum influence of the other. A star known as Proxima Centauri, or Alpha Centauri C, is near ane trillion miles away from its sister stars, Alpha Centauri A and B. Also according to Cavelos, astronomers believe that Proxima Centauri could accept planets of its own, and if so, would be minimally influenced by Proxima Centauri's sis stars due to the vast altitude between them and these sister stars. Assuming the existence of planets around Proxima Centauri, the sis stars from these planets would announced as bright stars in the sky.[4]

Another scenario would exist ii stars that would be closer to one another at a distance of just a few million miles. A planet orbiting far enough away would be affected by their gravitational fields about equally if there were one. If the altitude between the ii stars was a pocket-size fraction of the altitude betwixt them and the planet, it would be stable for the planet. Dawn and dusk would occur on such a planet as they would on Tatooine.[4]

Blaster bolts [edit]

Star Wars makes heavy use of blaster and ion weaponry, attributed to laser, plasma or particle based bolts of lite. Characters can be seen escaping, or even dodging those bolts, and the blaster bolts themselves can be seen flight at a moderate-fast speed. Dodging a laser commodities would be well-nigh impossible, as it would travel at the speed of light.[5] Due to that, it is reasonable the blaster fire would pass like a sparkle, and hit its target. Sometimes, characters will call the bolts "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation bolts" that, while they do not travel at light speed, are made of intense light free energy.

However, many official canonical Star Wars sources country that blaster technology is different from real lasers. According to official canon, they are a course of particle beam.[vi] This is supported by how "magnetically sealed" walls deflect them.[7]

The Polish University of Sciences in collaboration with the University of Warsaw managed to film an ultra short laser pulse past using cameras that produce billions of frames per second. These laser pulses were so powerful that they almost instantly ionized the atoms they encountered, resulting in the formation of a plasma fiber filament.[eight]

The effects of a equalizer on a live target were portrayed more than or less the same in every part of the Star Wars serial. Since blaster bolts consist of light or particle based energy, the bolts would burn down through the flesh of a target, with some even exploding against their target, exerting great strength. The latter outcome was commonly from a equalizer with greater size. Blasters have fifty-fifty been shown to have plasma energy equally ammunition, which is portrayed as blue bolts. As of The Force Awakens, these blue bolts rupture and damage flesh with little to no burning, which causes bleeding injuries, as Poe shot a Stormtrooper with a equalizer that caused him to bleed until expiry. Some other instance of a blaster causing haemorrhage was when Chewbacca shot Kylo Ren with his Bowcaster, the small explosion against his torso causing a bleeding injury coupled with burns. In many modern showings of blaster fights, someone hitting by a blaster has cinders and soot outlining the surface area where they were shot. Likewise blasters hit with bully amounts of friction and kinetic energy, plenty to cause sparks to fly off the target, brand the target burst into flames, or kill a target on impact, even if the target is non penetrated by the bolt, as it is when some targets are armored against blasters.

Vibration in vacuum [edit]

Star Wars is famously known for its epic space dogfights. Blaster, engine and explosion sounds tin can exist heard in those space scenes. Space is a vacuum, withal, and since sound requires matter to propagate, the audience should not hear whatsoever audio.[9] [10]

This has been explained in some Star Wars media every bit the result of a sensor system that creates three-dimensional sound within the cockpit or span matching the external movement of other vessels, as a form of multimodal interface, although the audience is still able to hear sound even from a perspective that is in infinite. In the canon novel "Lords of the Sith" it is explained that the characters in a galaxy far, far abroad indeed do not hear whatever sound in space if no longer bars past their vessels:

[Vader's] interceptor streaked toward the gun chimera, aimed straight at it. Content with the trajectory, he unstrapped himself, overrode the interceptor's safeties, threw open the cockpit hatch, and ejected into infinite.

Immediately he was spinning in the zero-g, the send and stars alternating positions with rapidity. Yet he kept his mental concord on the air-lock handle, and his armor, sealed and pressurized, sustained him in the vacuum. The respirator was loud in his ears.

His ship slammed into the gun bubble and the send, the inability of the vacuum to transmit audio causing the collision to occur in eerie silence. Burn down flared for a moment, but merely a moment before the vacuum extinguished it.

Therefore, the ability to hear audio in a vacuum by the audience is not heard by the iconic characters, but only to the audience every bit an estimation to imagine what sounds nosotros hear in the films as out-of-universe artifacts.[10]

Asteroid field in Episode V [edit]

In The Empire Strikes Back, after the Battle of Hoth, the Millennium Falcon is pursued by Purple ships through a dumbo asteroid field. The chunks of stone in the field are moving at rapid speeds, constantly colliding, and densely packed. Ordinarily, an asteroid field or chugalug is unlikely to be so densely packed with large objects, because collisions reduce big objects to rubble. Virtually the only style for an asteroid belt to maintain itself would exist to "balance destructive high-speed collisions with constructive soft collisions", but it is unclear whether this is happening in the film.[eleven]

In contrast to Star Wars, the send featured in 2001: A Space Odyssey, Discovery Ane, had a class that took information technology straight through the asteroid chugalug in the novel, without real fear of collision on the office of the mission organizers. Withal, the Solar Arrangement's Asteroid Belt is far less dense and several existent spacecraft have passed through information technology without damage.[xi]

On the other hand, the then-called Trojan asteroid fields, named after the asteroids found in Jupiter-Sun Lagrange points, are known to be packed much more densely. The Solar System contains two such fields, the Greek Trojans and the Trojan Trojans, and two more (Neptune'southward trojans) have been discovered recently, but piddling is known about them currently.

Also, contained within this scene is a portion in which Han and Leia emerge from the Millennium Falcon, and are seen wearing merely a facemask for air. The lack of pressure would accept likely caused rapid decompression of their bodies, equally the asteroid likely did not have an temper. Meet Effect of spaceflight on the human body

Flight dynamics [edit]

Unlike the true flying dynamics of space, those seen in Star Wars closely mirror the familiar dynamics of flying in Earth's atmosphere. For example, fixed-wing aircraft must make banked turns because they use air force per unit area to operate. However, in the airless vacuum of space in Star Wars, the spaceships always (unnecessarily) depository financial institution when turning. Physicist Lawrence M. Krauss says this is for a simple reason: "information technology looks good."[12] By banking, the heart of gravity would exist maintained and then up is nevertheless upward merely the g forces generated at such speeds would surely hurt the occupants. This is handled in the films past devices known equally "inertial compensators".

In club to turn in non-atmospheric flying, some force must notwithstanding be applied to the craft, presumably by some sort of thruster or generated force field moving ridge, the location of which (in relation to the arts and crafts'southward centre of gravity) will dictate the orientation of the ship, or bank angle, required to brand the plough.[10]

Destruction over Endor [edit]

Following the events of Return of the Jedi, there has been widespread speculation that the destruction of the second Death Star equally seen in the film would crusade a radiation spread on the woods moon of Endor's atmosphere and surface, given that the explosion was acquired by an attack on its (nuclear) core reactor.[13]

The miracle has been around supposedly since 1997 following a number of comic book productions on Star Wars beyond the original trilogy (of unknown canonicity, although like well-nigh other works information technology has been declared not-canonical and part of the distinct Star Wars Legends continuity in 2014) and has been known as "The Endor Holocaust".[xiv] It came about from a rational analysis in multiple commentaries of the aftermath of the 2nd Expiry Star'south destruction and its hypothetical effects on the woods moon and its living inhabitants. Based on all the information from the stories, information technology has been concluded that a nuclear fallout would cause radioactive contamination on the surface of the planet (or moon), leading to widespread death and destruction.[14]

More recent analysis by physicists has supported the theory from a scientific perspective.[15]

Studying and analyzing the second Death Star'due south destruction, physicists hypothesize its results and consequences. Astrophysicist and Star Wars fan Dave Mosher covers the movie'due south events in a ten,000 word essay. His first argument is the Death Star explosion resulting from the rebel attack on its nuclear reactor, the whole space station would be reduced to a large number of fine metallic pieces raining downwardly on Endor. The debris would burn up in Endor's atmosphere turning into toxic soot and spark planetary firestorms.[16]

Another scientist, Sarah Stewart, reanalysis the state of affairs and theorizes the moon's previous country after some environmental cleanup from the Death Star'southward fallout.[16]

Matija Cuk, who studies orbital dynamics, theorizes the Death Star'due south reactor blowing up in one 2d, sending enormous chunks of droppings at virtually 220,000 miles per hour. He argues the energy carried by the debris would not be sufficient to destroy the moon, only erode the side facing the Decease Star. He also argues all ships near the Expiry Star at the fourth dimension of its explosion would exist destroyed past it. He also adds the rebels witnessing the explosion from the planet's surface would exist killed past the radiation released from the explosion even earlier the debris reaches them.[16]

He concludes the debris following the explosion would strike the moon's surface would send rocks on the surface to the far side of the moon. In his analysis, the extinction of the Ewoks is inevitable.[16]

Planetary physicist, Erik Asphaug, who also studies giant impacts on moons and planets opposes these theories. He argues the Death Star would non be reduced to tiny bits following explosion. He argues that all nuclear explosions in rock would vaporize affair near it, but suspension thing a further distance away into pieces. The farther away the pieces, the less they would break. He concludes large chunks of the Decease Star would striking the woods moon's surface, some even creating craters. The most problematic result in his analysis is the burn down caused by the large radioactive debris that would fix the moon's forests ablaze.[16]

A detailed analysis to the backwash of the Death Star explosion in Render of the Jedi past planetary scientist, Dave Minton, concludes all the Ewoks would take died equally a upshot. Using the information provided from the holograms in the briefing scene aboard the giant cruiser Habitation Ane in Episode Vi, Minton estimates the diameter of the Expiry Star (or Expiry Star II to distinguish it from the first Death Star in Episode 4: A New Hope) is about three hundred and forty 3 kilometers or near 7 percentage the diameter of Endor.[17]

This would make Endor slightly larger than Mars just about fifteen% the size of Earth. He also notes that in diameter, Endor would all the same exist smaller than Mars, but denser in mass by his measurement formula. Endor'southward composition being smaller would be unusual, but not impossible according to him.[17]

He applies this data to the orbital dynamics problem. Discounting the possibility of the 2nd Expiry Star existence preserved in Endor's orbit by the use of anti-gravitational repulsors (a commonality in the Star Wars galaxy), Minton instead compares the Expiry Star in the forest moon's orbit to that of a satellite in Globe'southward orbit. Applying Kepler's Third Law, he determines an orbital period every bit exactly one day. But applying this law, he determines astrophysical problems with the Death Star using Endor'south gravity to sustain itself in the wood moon's orbit. For simplicity, he assumes a 24-hour interval on Endor as 24 hours.[17]

Minton also argues the explosion of the second Death Star in Episode VI is lighter than that of the kickoff 1 in Episode IV. His argument is drawn from the two films where the one in A New Hope explodes instantaneously; wheres the second i in Return of the Jedi explodes in a longer time catamenia, assuasive the rebel pilots to escape live and their ships unharmed by the explosion.[17] The moving-picture show specifically shows Wedge Antilles and Lando Calrissian hitting ii main sections of the core reactor from an X-fly fighter and the Millennium Falcon (co-piloted past Nien Nunb), causing the reactor to collapse and starting time a chain explosion and resulting in the Death Star bravado upwards from a serial of internal explosions and collapses.[eighteen]

Minton therefore concludes there would be little vaporization of remaining material and that the explosion would move a lot slower than what is required to keep them in orbit, which he estimates is about 212 miles per 2nd. Using the equation representing orbital velocity of the Expiry Star, he theorizes the fragments would need to exist orbiting at about 4.5 kilometers per 2d to maintain orbit at the same altitude the Expiry Star had been. Since this does non happen, he argues the remains of the onetime Death Star would autumn straight into the expanse where the shield generator has been on the moon'southward surface.[17]

To estimate the effects of the second Decease Star, Minton looks into its mass. According to estimated information from some students of Lehigh University, the steel mass needed for building one would be effectually 770 kilograms times the mass cubed in weight ⁠— ⁠this would requite the Expiry Star a mass of about 1019 kg. Using this information, Minton produces equations that atomic number 82 him to conclude the fragments would hit the moons surface and then hard causing craters almost four times the size of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico. This affect would cause a planetary firestorm and vaporize all lifeforms on the moon.[17]

Hyperspace travel [edit]

The hyperspace travel in the Star Wars franchise requires two elements, light speed travel and hyperspace. Ships in the Star Wars Universe have engines capable of propelling them to the speed of low-cal. However, current physical theory states that it is impossible for whatever physical object to achieve that speed, as long every bit the object has a not-null mass, because an infinite amount of free energy would be required to accelerate the mass to such a speed ⁠— ⁠a logical impossibility in our universe.[ten] Moreover, fifty-fifty if ane were traveling at light speed, it would notwithstanding take thousands of years to travel even a moderately sized galaxy. It is for these reasons that Star Wars space vessels use a "hyperdrive".

This is explained by having the ships warp to some other "dimension", presumably a brane universe with different physical laws. Gravity supposedly reaches betwixt branes. In Star Wars, gravity in real spaces forms gravitic "mass shadows" in hyperspace. Hyperspace in Star Wars is unrelated to the presumed space between universal "bubbles" in real life physics.[19]

Planets, moons and planetoids [edit]

Map of the Star Wars galaxy

In the Star Wars franchise, almost everyone can breathe and movement on many planets, and these, equally well equally the star systems, are treated as small places. Both defects have an authentic explanation.

The Star Wars Expanded Universe states that many of the planets of the galaxy were colonized and adjusted to the atmosphere and gravity of the almost populated species, and there are also many species—such every bit Kel Dor and Skakoans—that demand to use devices similar breathing masks or pressurized suits. In the other case, since the Star Wars franchise develops itself to the intergalactic level, it is assumed that almost all the planets on it are planetary civilizations, a theory well-based in reality and that could possibly happen in a distant hereafter.

The novelization of A New Hope, ghostwritten past Alan Dean Foster, mentions that humans colonized Tatooine in the section introducing the Tusken Raiders. The department implies that humans colonized the planet and settled in the more remote areas of the much sparsely populated planet, which did not give much chance of contact between the Tusken Raiders and the human colonists, who settled on the planet in small numbers.[20]

Too in the aforementioned novel, the section introducing the planet Yavin describes it equally uninhabitable. Its satellite moons are described as planet sized. The fourth moon called "Yavin Iv" as information technology was named past early human being colonizers is described rich with constitute and animal life. Information technology describes an ancient civilization that in one case existed in the jungles of the moon but disappeared centuries before human being explorers ever set foot on the moon. The only evidence of their existence the ancient architectural sites and monuments they left behind (as seen in the film), near of which were mysteriously congenital. At the time the Rebel Brotherhood used territory on Yavin every bit their subconscious base of operations, the just thing left on the moon was plant, insect and animal life.[21]

Jeanne Cavelos points to the Tales of the Jedi comic book series that document the early on colonization of much of the populated Star Wars galaxy. Her argument is that the humans in the Star Wars milky way beingness a unmarried species, as well as appearing and living like human beings on Globe, likely originated from a single Earth-like planet, though the exact origin or home world of the man species in the Star Wars universe is not exactly known. She suggests that to be able to colonize other planets, the humans of the Star Wars galaxy could non take been genetically altered. She points to the fact that Luke Skywalker lived his life on Tatooine simply did not crave any genetic altering to adjust to Hoth, a planet with a climate estimately the contrary of Tatooine.[22]

There are besides problems with the possibility of humans altering the climate of the planet they colonize. She mentions the fact that at that place are native species on planets that humans live on, such as the Jawas alongside the Tusken Raider on Tatooine who survive in the same climate as humans live on. If they lived in another climate prior to human being colonization and ecology modification/alternation, such every bit terraforming, they are unlikely to survive.[22]

Another possibility she suggests is the utilize of artificial aids that would help the colonists adapting to life on a newly settled planet earlier gradually adapting to life at that place. Some variations in climate and gravity would exist adaptable to the colonists over a few generations as long as the variations are not too great. Through a period of generations, the colonists would evolve and adjust, even perhaps by evolutionary mutations.[22]

There is also the unlikelihood of other planets having air just like Globe's and automatically being breathable according to other scientists, Cavelos claims. Only a modest number of such planets probably exist. The chances are greater of finding planets with similar atmospheres that would crave minimal atmospheric modification, but unlikely to be identical to Earth's that arriving humans could simply survive on them.[22]

Another issue amongst this is that if human species would be unlikely to encounter a planet with an exact Earth-similar environs, it would be even more unlikely for and then many different alien species to exist of the same environmental background and surviving in the same environmental atmospheric condition as seen at the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope.[22]

Lightsabers [edit]

Ofttimes, lightsabers are said to be composed of lasers.[23] All the same, using lasers raises several issues:[24]

  • The necessity of something to reflect the end of the axle.
  • Having a compact and powerful enough power source.
  • Lasers do non clash when their beams cross.
  • Lasers are silent.
  • There are some materials that can withstand a lightsaber, and some tin can fifty-fifty deactivate one upon contact.[ dubious – hash out ]

Earlier forms of the weapon were known as "protosabers" in the Star Wars galaxy that required battery packs which were continued to the lightsaber hilt through a power cord. The battery pack was attached to a belt worn past the Jedi using the lightsaber, similar to how a flamethrower is worn, but was not platonic every bit it restricted the Jedi's movements during combat.[25] [26]

Lightsabers take been more often than not explained as plasma kept in a force field, unremarkably an electric or magnetic field.[27] [28] The force field could not be magnetic, considering the field contains rut, something a magnetic field is incapable of doing. Thus, the force field must exist a shield non known by modern technology. Additionally, when ii plasma blades would come into direct contact, it would nearly certainly upshot in magnetic reconnection, causing an explosive release of the plasma contained in both sabers.[29]

The bug with lightsabers with actual calorie-free blades mentioned at the beginning of this section are not all insurmountable. For instance, it is mentioned that "Lasers do not clash when their beams cross", which is a statement based on our mean solar day-to-day experience with lite. Simply Euler and Heisenberg accept shown in 1936 that, for sufficiently high intensities, light tin actually collaborate with itself (an result due to quantum fluctuations of the vacuum).[30] [31] Given this, then it is possible to imagine a scenario of two lightsabers clashing in which photons coming from the hilt of one lightsaber are scattered toward the hilt of the other lightsaber (the scattering is done in the region where the two lightsabers overlap). Since photons have momentum, those scattered photons would exert radiation pressure on the hilt of the other lightsaber. Using techniques from ultrahigh intensity lasers, information technology has been shown that for lasers with an electric field strength of the lodge of 10xv V/m, the force felt in the hilt of each lightsabers is approximately 10 N (or roughly equivalent to the force exerted past a 1 kilogram object falling on your foot).[32] This strength due to scattered photons would give an impression of bract solidity when the two lightsabers clash.[32] An incredible amount of free energy is necessary to power such a lightsaber. For instance, powering a lightsaber with an electric field strength of 10fifteen V/m for one minute requires 1025 J, or ten times less than the full energy output of the Sunday in one second.[32] If the energy source is nuclear fusion, such a lightsaber would crave 1011 kg of nuclear fusion fuel to operate for 1 infinitesimal.[32] In other words, i would demand to fit the equivalent of ten Great Pyramid of Giza of nuclear fusion fuel in the hilt to operate such a lightsaber for one infinitesimal.

Meet also [edit]

  • Technology in Star Wars
  • Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b "Planets with Two Suns Likely Mutual". Schirber, Michael. Space.com. 17 May 2005. Retrieved 2009-eleven-13 .
  2. ^ "Sunset on Tatooine". Astrobiology Magazine. NASA. March 31, 2007. Retrieved 2009-11-13 .
  3. ^ "'Star Wars' planet discovered with two suns". the Guardian. Ian Sample.
  4. ^ a b c d Cavelos, Jeanne (2007-04-01). The Science of Star Wars . Publisher St. Martin's Press, 2007. pp. 9–10. ISBN978-1429971768.
  5. ^ "An Assay of Equalizer Fire in Star Wars". WIRED.
  6. ^ Johnson, Shane (1995). Star Wars Technical Journal. Boxtree, 1995. p. 126. ISBN0-345-40182-4.
  7. ^ Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
  8. ^ "A 'Star Wars' light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation bullet".
  9. ^ "How Sci-fi Doesn't Piece of work". Freudenrich, Craig. How Stuff Works. 2006-07-xx. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d Star Wars Tech (2007 documentary)
  11. ^ a b Cavelos, Jeanne (2000). The Science of Star Wars . New York: S.t. Martin's Griffin. pp. 15–16. ISBN0-312-26387-2.
  12. ^ Across Star Trek: Physics from Alien Invasions to the End of Time. Krauss, Lawrence Thousand. New York: Basic Books. 1997. pp. fifteen–16. ISBN978-0-06-097757-iii.
  13. ^ Johnson, Shane (1995). Star Wars Technical Periodical. Boxtree, 1995. p. 103. ISBN0-345-40182-iv.
  14. ^ a b "Endor Holocaust". theforce.net.
  15. ^ "Science Proves Information technology'southward Doom For The Ewoks In 'Return Of The Jedi'". UPROXX. 2015-12-26.
  16. ^ a b c d e Dave Mosher (xviii December 2015). "Physicists: 'Star Wars' Endor holocaust fan theory is legit - Tech Insider". Tech Insider.
  17. ^ a b c d e f "Endor Holocaust Question". Scribd.
  18. ^ Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
  19. ^ "HYPERDRIVE: Applied, Depression COST, AND FUEL EFFICIENT TRAVEL TO THE STARS". Anonymous. Navy Post Graduate School. June 2014. CiteSeerX10.1.ane.259.4336.
  20. ^ Alan Dean Foster, George Lucas (1977). "chapter 4". Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker . Ballantine (Us). ISBN0722156693.
  21. ^ Alan Foster, George Lucas (1977). "chapter xi". Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker. Ballantine (USA). ISBN0722156693.
  22. ^ a b c d e Cavelos, Jeanne (1999-04-15). The Science of Star Wars. St. Martin'southward Printing, 2007. pp. 20–23. ISBN0-312-20958-iv.
  23. ^ Durant, Emile, Paul Michael Cullis, and Liam Gerard Davenport. "A3_5 Possibility of Creating a ' Star Wars' Lightsaber." Physics Special Topics xi.i (2012).
  24. ^ "Are lightsabers possible?". physics.org. Retrieved viii May 2012.
  25. ^ "Facts on Lightsabers (Brainwash Your Inner Nerd)". Imgur.
  26. ^ "Star Wars: 7 Weird Lightsaber Designs". Den of Geek.
  27. ^ Johnson, Shane (1995). Star Wars Technical Journal. Boxtree, 1995. pp. 37–41. ISBN0-345-40182-4.
  28. ^ "Are Lightsabers Possible?". Ariel Williams. 2014-09-24.
  29. ^ "Why Lightsabers Would Exist Far More Lethal Than George Lucas Envisioned". Martin Archer.
  30. ^ Heisenberg, W.; Euler, H. (1936). "Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons". Z. Phys. 98 (11–12): 714–732. arXiv:physics/0605038. Bibcode:1936ZPhy...98..714H. doi:10.1007/BF01343663. S2CID 120354480.
  31. ^ Dunne, G. V. (2012). "The Heisenberg-Euler effective action: 75 years on". Int. J. Mod. Phys. A. 27: 1260004. arXiv:1201.2570. doi:ten.1142/S0217751X12600032. S2CID 118679169.
  32. ^ a b c d Fillion-Gourdeau, F.; Gagnon, J.-S. (2019). "On the physical (im)possibility of lightsabers". European Journal of Physics. xl (5): 055201. arXiv:1906.02575. Bibcode:2019EJPh...40e5201F. doi:10.1088/1361-6404/ab274a. S2CID 174803076.

External links [edit]

  • Stephen Warren. "Outset Planet Orbiting Twin Suns Discovered". Popular Mechanics.
  • Michael D. Lemonick (2011-09-16). "I Planet, Two Suns". Time. Archived from the original on September xvi, 2011.
  • Ryan Whitwam. "Students show existent-life Star Wars deflector shield is possible". Extreme Tech.
  • "Star Wars 'hyperdrive' infinite flying explored by physicists". The Telegraph. 2013-01-xiv.
  • Singh, Anita (2014-05-thirty). "Scientific discipline of Star Wars: Why the Forcefulness could be with us". The Telegraph.
  • Dr Matt Edgar. "'Stay on target': University of Glasgow researchers gear up sights on Star Wars". University of Glasgow.
  • "NASA discovers real-life 'decease star' ripping apart and vaporizing tiny faraway planet". National Post.
  • Melissa Pelletier. "The Physics of the Star Wars BB-8 Droid: How Does It Work?". Nuskool.
  • Rhet Allain (2014-01-08). "Necktie Fighter Physics". Wired.
  • Realistic sci-fi spaceship gainsay and dogfights on YouTube

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_and_Star_Wars

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